Risk factors for developing keratoconus: A review article
Keywords:
Keratoconus, Eye rubbing, Atopy, Risk factors, Corneal ectasiaAbstract
ABSTRACT:
Introduction: Keratoconus (KC) is a progressive corneal disease that mainly affects young adults, impairing vision and quality of life. Its timely detection is crucial because of its impact on public health.
Objective: To identify the main risk factors associated with the development of KC, based on recent scientific literature.
Method: Articles in English and Spanish published in the last five years in databases such as PubMed and ScienceDirect were reviewed. Observational studies and meta-analyses were included.
Results: Of 117 studies found, 10 met inclusion criteria. Ocular rubbing and atopy were the most consistent factors. Other factors such as UV exposure, contact lenses, sleeping position and contamination were also identified.
Conclusions: Detection of modifiable factors may reduce the progression of KC. It is essential to integrate them into clinical preventive strategies.
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Accepted 2026-09-21
Published 2026-10-15
