Risk factors for developing gastric cancer: A brief analysis of the literature
Keywords:
Gastric cáncer, Risk factors, Helicobacter pyloriAbstract
Introduction: Gastric cancer (GC) is a common neoplasia and the leading cause of death from digestive cancer worldwide and in Mexico, primarily affecting people over 50 years of age. Its development is associated with chronic degradation of the gastric mucosa induced by Helicobacter pylori, diet, smoking, and other irritants, leading to atrophy and intestinal metaplasia.
Objectives: To analyze the current literature to provide a concise overview of the main risk factors associated with GC, highlighting their importance in prevention.
Materials and methods: A brief review of the scientific literature was conducted, focusing on relevant articles on risk factors for the development of GC. The information was synthesized to identify common patterns in recent research.
Results: The literature confirms the multifactorial nature of GC, highlighting Helicobacter pylori as the main risk factor. Smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary habits, and genetic predisposition are also associated. The progression of premalignant lesions highlights the need for early detection.
Conclusions: GC results from the interaction of multiple factors. Understanding it is essential for designing prevention and early detection strategies, with the goal of reducing its incidence and mortality in Mexico and globally.
Keywords: Gastric cáncer; Risk factors; Helicobacter pylori.
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Accepted 2025-11-03
Published 2025-12-08
